6ES7416-2FK02-0AB0西門子6ES7416-2FK02-0AB0西門子
CPU的構成
CPU是PLC的核心,起神經中樞的作用,每套PLC至少有一個CPU,它按PLC的系統程序賦予的功能接收并存貯用戶程序和數據,用掃描的方式采集由現場輸入裝置送來的狀態或數據,并存入規定的寄存器中,同時,診斷電源和PLC內部電路的工作狀態和編程過程中的語法錯誤等。進入運行后,從用戶程序存貯器中逐條讀取指令,經分析后再按指令規定的任務產生相應的控制信號,去指揮有關的控制電路。
CPU主要由運算器、控制器、寄存器及實現它們之間的數據、控制及狀態總線構成,CPU單元還包括外圍芯片、總線接口及有關電路。內存主要用于存儲程序及數據,是PLC*的組成單元。
在使用者看來,不必要詳細分析CPU的內部電路,但對各部分的工作機制還是應有足夠的理解。CPU的控制器控制CPU工作,由它讀取指令、解釋指令及執行指令。但工作節奏由震蕩信號控制。運算器用于進行數字或邏輯運算,在控制器指揮下工作。寄存器參與運算,并存儲運算的中間結果,它也是在控制器指揮下工作。
CPU速度和內存容量是PLC的重要參數,它們決定著PLC的工作速度,IO數量及軟件容量等,因此限制著控制規模。
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鄭娟萍
廈門仲鑫航自動化設備有限公司
PLC的通信聯網
依靠*的工業網絡技術可以迅速有效地收集、傳送生產和管理數據。因此,網絡在自動化系統集成工程中的重要性越來越顯著,甚至有人提出"網絡就是控制器"的觀點說法。
PLC具有通信聯網的功能,它使PLC與PLC 之間、PLC與上位計算機以及其他智能設備之間能夠交換信息,形成一個統一的整體,實現分散集中控制。多數PLC具有RS-232接口,還有一些內置有支持各自通信協議的接口。
PLC的通信,還未實現互操作性,IEC規定了多種現場總線標準,PLC各廠家均有采用。
對于一個自動化工程(特別是中大規模控制系統)來講,選擇網絡非常重要的。首先,網絡必須是開放的,以方便不同設備的集成及未來系統規模的擴展;其次,針對不同網絡層次的傳輸性能要求,選擇網絡的形式,這必須在較深入地了解該網絡標準的協議、機制的前提下進行;再次,綜合考慮系統成本、設備兼容性、現場環境適用性等具體問題,確定不同層次所使用的網絡標準。
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