07KT94D停產(chǎn)ABB
07KT94D停產(chǎn)ABB
CPU(Central Process Unit)
CPU是PLC的核心組成部分,與通用微機的CPU一樣,它在PLC系統(tǒng)中的作用類似于人體的神經(jīng)中樞,故稱為“電腦”。其功能是:
a、按PLC中系統(tǒng)程序賦予的功能,接收并存儲從編程器輸入的用戶程序和數(shù)據(jù)。
b、用掃描方式接收現(xiàn)場輸入裝置的狀態(tài)式數(shù)據(jù),并存入映象寄存器或數(shù)據(jù)寄存器中。
c、診斷電源、PLC內(nèi)部電路的工作狀態(tài)和編程過程中的語法錯誤。
d、在PLC進入運行狀態(tài)后,從存儲器中逐條讀取用戶程序,經(jīng)過命令解釋后按指令規(guī)定的任務(wù),產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的信號,去啟閉有關(guān)控制門電路。分時分渠道地去執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)的存取、傳送、組合、比較和變換等操作,完成用戶程序中規(guī)定的邏輯式算術(shù)運算等任務(wù)。根據(jù)運算結(jié)果,更新有關(guān)標志位的狀態(tài)和輸出映象寄存器的內(nèi)容,再由輸出映象寄存器的位狀態(tài)式數(shù)據(jù)寄存器的有關(guān)內(nèi)容,實現(xiàn)輸出控制、制表、打印式數(shù)據(jù)通訊等。
PLC常用的CPU主要采用通用微處理器、單片機或雙極型位片式微處理器。通用的微處理器常用的是8位機和16位機,如Z80A、8085、8086、6502、M6800、M6809、M68000等。單片機常用的有8039、8049、8031、8051等。雙極型位片式微處理器常用的有AMD2900、AMD2903等。
手機
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Qq:
鄭娟萍
廈門仲鑫航自動化設(shè)備有限公司
①用通用微處理器作CPU
在低檔PLC中,用Z80A做CPU較為普遍,Z80A用于PLC有如下長處: Z80(或Z80A)CPU及其配套的芯片廉價、普及、通用,用這套芯片制成的PC,給維修及推廣普及帶來方便。Z80有獨立的輸入/輸出指令,而且指令格式較短,執(zhí)行時間也較短,這樣有利于掃描周期的縮短。Z80輸入/輸出指令格式較短,相應(yīng)的輸入/輸出設(shè)備編碼也較短,所以相應(yīng)的譯碼硬件器較簡單。由于Z80的信息是采用輸入/輸出映射方式,因而設(shè)計流程序時,對輸入/輸出與存儲器尋址容易區(qū)別。
②用單片機作CPU
自從1974年出現(xiàn)單片機以來,已有不少產(chǎn)品采用單片機做可編程序控制器。日本三菱F系列PLC就采用美國IN公司MES-48系列的單片機8049和8039做處理器,8039單片機在一塊片子上集成了8位的CPU,128×8的數(shù)據(jù)存儲器。27條輸入/輸出線,T0、T1、INT測試線及8位定時器/計數(shù)器,時鐘振蕩電路等。
自80年代以來,出現(xiàn)了集成度更高。功能更強,并帶有“布爾機”而又便于作數(shù)據(jù)通信的MCS-51系列單片機以及功能更高的16位單片機,大有取代MCS-48系列之勢。日本三菱的F2系列PLC即采用CPU8031。MCS-51系列單片機是美國IN公司在MCS-48單片機基礎(chǔ)上,于80年代初推出的產(chǎn)品,具有高集成度、高可靠性、高功能、高速度、低價格等特點。它有三個代表產(chǎn)品:8051、8751和8031,它們分別有不同的應(yīng)用特性。8051是以4K字節(jié)EPR0M代替4K字節(jié)的R0M的8051; 8031是內(nèi)部無R0M8051。必須外接EPR0M;IN公司的96系列的單片機,字長為16,運算速度比51系列更高,這必將為高檔次的PLC開發(fā)和應(yīng)用帶來美好的遠景。用單片機制成的PLC有以下顯著特點:為機電設(shè)備一體化創(chuàng)造了條件,因為由單片機制成PLC,體積更小。同時PLC邏輯功能很強,并且具有數(shù)值運算和通信接口。
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